In order to be approved for SSDI, you will need to demonstrate that your disability is expected to last at least one year or be life ending. You will also need to demonstrate that you are unable to perform any substantial gainful activity, meaning that you cannot work eight hours per day, five days per week on a consistent basis.
However, you should apply as soon as you believe you may have a long-term disability because there are delays between applying and receiving benefits. There are certain requirements regarding the expected length of disability and certain waiting periods during which benefits are not payable.